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New generation of bacterial cellulose nanocomposites
With the best quality and the largest production in the world
New generation of bacterial cellulose nanocomposites
With the best quality and the largest production in the world
cellulose is one of the most important natural polymers and is an inexhaustible raw material and a biodegradable material on an industrial scale. it has been used for many years in the form of wood and plant fibers as an energy source, building materials and clothing.
cellulose is one of the most important natural polymers and is an inexhaustible raw material and a biocompatible material on an industrial scale. it has been used for many years in the form of wood and plant fibers as an energy source, building materials and clothing.
with a width in the nanometer range, cellulose fibers are nature-based materials with useful and unique properties. most importantly, novel nanocelluloses, which are prepared from nanostructured cellulose fibers with a relatively large dimension (length to width ratio) and with specific properties, have found numerous applications.
nanostructured fiber compositions are separated at high pressure, high temperature and high acceleration, leading to the creation of a large surface area and thus creating strong interactions with surrounding species such as water, polymeric materials, organic materials, nanoparticles and living cells. methods such as transmission electron microscopy (tem) and scanning electron microscopy (sem) are used to identify the structure.
cellulose is one of the most important natural polymers and is an inexhaustible raw material and a biocompatible material on an industrial scale. this material has been used for years in the form of wood and plant fibers as an energy source, building materials and clothing.
nanocellulose consists of cellulose fibers with nanoscale dimensions, which typically have transverse dimensions of 5-20 nm and longitudinal dimensions in a wide range from tens of nanometers to several microns. nanocellulose has a very viscous appearance and is a gel-like and transparent ribbon.
the term microfiber nanocellulose was first used by turbak, synder, and sendberg in the late 1970s.
this compound was a gel-like material formed from wood pulp at high temperature and pressure. the term mfc (microfibrillated cellulose) first appeared in the early 1980s, and a number of patents were filed on this new nanocellulose compound called rayonier. in later work, herrick prepared a dry powder of this gel.
turbak and his colleagues found new applications for mfc/nanocellulose. these include the use of these compounds as thickening and thickening agents in the food industry, cosmetics, papermaking processes, textiles, and nonwovens.
research on nanofibrillated cellulose (nfc/mfc) and cellulose nanocrystals has increased since 2000, including:
cellulose is a linear homopolymer (having the same monomers) of β-d-glycopyranose units linked by glycosidic bonds (1:4) through van der waals forces and intra- and extramolecular hydrogen bonds. the length of a natural cellulose molecule is at least 5000 nm and corresponds to a chain of about 10000 glycopyranose units.
in a plant's wood cell, the linear cellulose chain is arranged as microfibrils of about 35 nm in cross-sectional dimensions and has two crystalline and amorphous regions.
in general, nanocellulose fibers are prepared from wood precursors using a homogenizer at high pressure. this process results in the delamination of the cell walls of the plant fibers and the nanostructured cellulose fibrils are obtained separately.
the crystalline state of nanocellulose is obtained by acidic hydrolysis of natural cellulose fibers using concentrated solutions of mineral salts and sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid. the amorphous form of natural cellulose can also be extracted from the hydrolyzed product after careful timing and separation from the crystalline fractions and washing steps.
the properties of nanocellulose (such as mechanical properties, thin film properties, viscosity, etc.) make it an interesting material for many applications. in the paper and cardboard industries, nanocellulose is used due to its strong reinforcing effect on paper materials. in the food, medical, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, these materials are used due to their use in water superabsorbents and antibacterial films.
other applications of these materials include the manufacture of composites, electronic equipment, wood and building materials industries, oil recycling (in the breakdown of hydrocarbon chains) and automotive manufacturing.
